Saturday, October 12, 2019
media Essay -- essays research papers
The ââ¬Ëmediaââ¬â¢ as a whole plays a major part in oneââ¬â¢s life. Media messages can be presented in many ways from reading newspapers to watching news on television from the comfort of your own home. However, the most important factors are how the news is retrieved and portrayed by an individual or a group of individuals as each individual has the right to accept what they believe not what they are manipulated to believe or to accept. There are various issues that can be looked at to conclude whether or not there is such thing as free, unbiased media, to define this topic it is too broad to study itself so it will be broken down and researched in small parts. Bias in different context will be analysed and shown how it is interpreted. Theorists will be researched such as: Rupert Murdoch and Noam Chomsky taking his views into consideration as well as elaborating on them. The approach taken to tackle this area of study will show clear evidence of where the information has b een taken from as this will enable the reader to make their own judgment as to whether there is such thing as free, unbiased media. Can it be argued that there is such thing as a free, unbiased media? Bias is based around media organisations made up of journalists and news producers presenting particular stories and the selection of which stories to cover with an uneven viewpoint, these particular stories may refer to accusations of either censorship or propagandism. Individuals perceiving various media messages can receive these in different contexts such as socially, ethically, economically and politically. There are different categories of bias that can be looked upon when presenting media messages to individuals such as: ethnic bias which includes nationalism and regionalism, corporate bias involving advertising and political campaigns, social bias that contains overall bias of reporting to favour the status class, political bias regarding the split in political slant and sensationalism about manufacturing or distort news as a purely commercial product. Temporal bias is known when media are biased toward the immediate, when media organisations decide to take up a story that is happening immediately. News has to be new and fresh, this news has to be ever changing even when there is a small amount of news to cover. There are other forms of bias such as status quo bias, narrative bias, fairnes... ...close look at the records shows Murdoch has imparted his far right agenda throughout his media empireâ⬠(Center for American Progress). An example of being bias would be that Murdoch is blamed for presenting partisan media coverage for political groups that publicise policies and conclusions to draw attention to his commercial benefit showing that media bias is involved from the beginning, middle or end and is often encouraged by politicians to persuade him favourably to cover their campaigns. An additional example of the contradiction of the theory of unbiased media would be that of Venezuela and Chavez. In this instance a democratically elected president was over thrown from his position by the media industry (the Venezuela army and influences from the U.S). The effect Rupert Murdoch has had on the media industry is substantial, setting up an empire that is forever growing. This clearly shows who the media is owned by and how much power they posses, this can determine on what is presented to the public from a single point rather than all angles of a specific story and through not one source of media but several forms of media even though some maybe bias and contain propaganda.
Friday, October 11, 2019
How does Shakespeare examine the themes of revenge in Hamlet Essay
The revenge tragedy established itself within Elizabethan theatre as a tremendously popular genre. The style of the play had gradually evolved from the works of Seneca, an ancient Roman playwright. Once translated these plays performed, steadily rose in popularity, with plays such as Middletonââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËThe Changelingââ¬â¢, Kids ââ¬ËThe Spanish Tragedyââ¬â¢ and Tourneurs ââ¬ËThe Revengerââ¬â¢s Tragedyââ¬â¢ being most popular. The ââ¬Ëtypicalââ¬â¢ revenge tragedy play has several important conventions within it, which are key to the genre. see more:revenge hamlet A five part structure of: Exposition, anticipation, confrontation, partial execution and completion, portray the central character ââ¬â the revenger, discovering the deed he must avenge, wrestling with his conscience over the justification and validity of the act, then planning and eventually executing the act of revenge. Often Jacobean revenge tragedy often questioned the revengersââ¬â¢ morality. How far does the task of revenge affect the revenger? How far does it taint the person? How can the audience be sure the protagonistsââ¬â¢ madness is not actually real? Is it possible that the conflicting morality suffered by him brings unto the revenger real madness and mental instability? The questions over morality are furthered by the death of the protagonist another generic feature. Elizabethans generally firmly believed in the concepts of ââ¬Ëheavenââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëhellââ¬â¢, dying without forgiveness from God would mean eternity in perdition like the limbo in which Old Hamlet is in, in Hamlet ââ¬ËWhen I to my sulphââ¬â¢rous and tormented flames Must render up myselfââ¬â¢. As the revenger usually dies at the end of the play after carrying out revenge, he dies without the chance of confession and absolution. This means the act of murder has not been forgiven. Inevitably this leads us to assume the protagonist will spend eternity in hell. We can debate the authenticity of the spirit demanding for revenge. If they were once a loved one of the revenger why would they make them vow to perform a deed, which would lead them to damnation? Could it be that the spirit is not in fact the spirit of the deceased but an evil spirit taking their form, tricking the revenger? After dispensing with some of the generic features, such as narrative by the ghost, it retains many of the conventions of the revenge tragedy. Hamlet is summoned to avenge the murder of his father, by his fatherââ¬â¢s spirit, the murderer being Hamletsââ¬â¢ uncle, now stepfather and newly crowned King Claudius. Hamlet feigns madness to disguise his intentions of revenge and has a play entitled ââ¬ËThe Mousetrapââ¬â¢ performed, in which the murder of Old Hamlet is re-enacted. On preparing to kill Claudius Hamlet is set back by Claudius asking for forgiveness from God in a moment of prayer. This leads to an inevitable climax, which results in the death of Hamlet, Claudius and Laertes in a typically bloody ending. All of these events are to be expected from a revenge tragedy. Further more, Hamlet contains several scenes, key to its portrayal of the revenge theme. In act one, scene five Hamlet follows the supposed spirit of his father and is informed of his fathers murder ââ¬Å"I am thy fathers spiritâ⬠¦ sleeping in mine orchid a serpent stung meâ⬠. This scene conveys the task of revenge being set, the whole of the play hinges on this event. The imagery within this scene is also telling. Old Hamlet is dressed in battle fatigue, thus symbolizing him as a war-king; the audience having been informed of the war he started against Old Fortinbras. This suggests that Old Hamlets position in hell is right and not solely due to him being unable to confess before his untimely death. This suggests repercussion on whether or not Hamletsââ¬â¢ soul will actually be damned, having not confessed but essentially living a good life. If the nature of damnation does in fact relay solely on whether or not one has lived a good life, and not whether or not one has confessed ones sins, then it is possible Hamlet has gone to heaven, thus Shakespeare can be seen to be subverting the ideas of religion within the revenge tragedy genre. Young Fortinbras comments ââ¬Å"Bear Hamlet like a soliderâ⬠, in death Hamlet is viewed as a hero, in this context it is not difficult to assume he has escaped damnation The theme of kingship is continued in Act two, scene two. We are presented with an image of Claudius, which is in direct contrast to the one presented of his predecessor. Talk of Claudius averting war with Young Fortinbras, shows the new king to be one which favourââ¬â¢s diplomacy to war. Surely such a king is more advantageous for Denmark than a bloodthirsty leader like the image we are presented of Old Hamlet. This furthers the question of whether Hamlet has enough moral justification to take a life, especially one that is so beneficial to the country. This scene is also important as the first signs of Hamlet feigning madness are demonstrated to the audience. In act three, scene two the feature of a play within a play is portrayed. Claudius is outraged by what he sees ââ¬Å"Give me some light. Awayâ⬠. Hamlet interprets Claudiusââ¬â¢ reaction to the play as unequivocal proof of his guilt. This a crucial turning point in the play. Up to now Hamlet has been unsure of whether or not to perform his ââ¬Ëdutiesââ¬â¢. That he is assured by Claudius reaction (poor evidence in hindsight) may illustrate Hamlets degradation by the mission he has been set. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll take the ghostââ¬â¢s word for a thousand poundâ⬠In Act three, scene four the death of Polonius can be seen to serve multiple purposes. In its most insignificant form it leads Ophelia further into the madness, which eventually leads to her death. Also it demonstrates how the revenge plot has affected Hamlet ââ¬Å"A bloody deed. Almost as bad as kill a king and marry his brother. â⬠He has killed, in cold blood and without provocation, the father of his love and yet seems to show little remorse. Can Hamlet still be seen as the hero of the play when he himself is placed in the same situation as Claudius? Poloniusââ¬â¢ death introduces a secondary revenge plot. Laertes now has to avenge his fatherââ¬â¢s death, inviting the audience to compare Laertes and Hamlet as revenger. The alleged actions of Claudius have provoked a cycle of revenge plots, in which all involved are led to their deaths. The penultimate scene of the play affects the resolution of the three revenge plots. Hamlet and Laertes both achieve revenge, in doing they so they sacrifice their earthly bodies and possibly their eternal souls. Young Fortinbras revenge on Denmark for his country as he and his armies easily occupy, thus turning previous defeats on their head. Both Hamlet and Laertes at the beginning of the play were both well-liked and talented men; Hamlet had the possibilities of becoming king bestowed upon him. Yet at the end each die as a murderer who is damned to Hell. Hamlet in this form can be seen as a severe commentary on the idea of revenge, that it is the role of God to act upon those who have wronged, not the individualsââ¬â¢. A modern audience may read Hamlet in ways different to that of a Jacobean counterpart would have viewed it in. Themes of religion are very strong in the play, and while an Elizabethan audience may have had a strong belief in the concepts of divine retribution, a modern audience may be less convinced by this. Religion is not as central to modern life as it was in the era the play was written. Thus issues such as deeds on earth having direct consequences on a personsââ¬â¢ fate in the afterlife- a crucial part of the genre, lessen in their importance.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
African American Religion Essay
Before Africans were brought to America during the slave trade, they had their own culture and society. They had their own language and dance. They also had their own religion. History tells us that the Europeans justified their abuse toward the Africans as helping them become more civilized because the Africans lifestyle appeared primal to them and not as developed and industrialized as theirs. What is often overlooked is that even though Africans were taken from Africa and Americanized and have been stripped of their religion, culture, language and even their name, the very essence of the African as a people did not go away. Some African American slaves rejected Christianityââ¬â¢s religion because they saw it as the ââ¬Å"white manââ¬â¢s religionâ⬠. History tells us American Slave Masters abused the Africans by whipping them like animals and by treating them inhumane. The fact that these slave masters wanted the African American to worship their god was unacceptable for some because they could not fathom why they should worship a god who allowed people to be so badly treated. Some Africans accepted Christianityââ¬â¢s religion and faith by identifying with Jesus Christ, the son of God who according to the Bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with the conjure practices. Seth Hollyââ¬â¢s character is a good example of conforming to the economic prosperity of America which was founded by Christians. White Christians enforced Christian beliefs, values, and some practices based on the Euro American Christian interpretation of Christian text. Seth developed a kind of hatred for his own people proving that he has adopted the practices of white America in the early 1900s. ââ¬Å"Niggers coming up here from that old backwoodsâ⬠¦ coming up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars looking for freedom. â⬠Seth says. ââ¬Å"They got a rude awakeningâ⬠(6). Seth signifies the African American who resents assimilation to the white American culture. But, at the same time, he too attempts to connect with his heritage by simply allowing Bynum to live in his home and bless it with his conjures rituals. Seth also participates in an African dance ritual called the Juba. Bynumââ¬â¢s character is introduced by practicing conjure rituals. He cuts open pigeons and spreads its blood onto him as a type of cleansing to communicate with spirits. Bynum represents the African American who chose to remain faithful to the religion of his heritage. Others who have chosen the faith of Christianity view conjure rituals as evil, witchcraft, or demonic. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with conjure practices anymore. Loomis walks in on the juba dance and goes into a trance after dinner at the boarding house. He had a vision of skeletons emerge from a body of water. ââ¬Å"Loomis: I done seen bones rise up out the water. Rise up and walk across the water. Bones walking on top of the waterâ⬠(53). Loomis recognizes through the vision, his state of ignorance to the knowledge that will lead him to the new way of thinking. Bynum serves as a supporting character reacting to Loomisââ¬â¢s trance. ââ¬Å"Bynum: They walking around here now. Mens. Just like you and me. Come right up out the waterâ⬠(56). Loomisââ¬â¢s trance and Bynumââ¬â¢s interpretation of it is a turning point in the story. The skeletons coming from the bottom of the sea in Loomisââ¬â¢s vision represent the slave ships, the disorientation experienced by the slaves during emancipation, and the confusion of his release from Joe Turner. Both Loomis and Bynum have tapped into their ancestral religion. The difference between the two is that Bynum represents the African who never renounced his religion and Loomis is the African-American who turned from conjure religion and converted to the faith of Christianity. After Joe turner took his life away from him, Loomis questioned his Christian faith and his identity. By walking in on the ancestral ritual of the Juba dance, Loomis literally walked into what he had actually been looking for, his religion, consequently, his ancestral identity and this is why he fell into the trance. Throughout the play conjures is encompasses four generations; Bynumââ¬â¢s father, Bynum, Loomis, and the neighbor boy Reuben. Reubenââ¬â¢s vision is of Sethââ¬â¢s mother by the pigeon coop, she encourages Reuben to release the caged pigeons. Wilson writes in a way that leads the reader to believe that Loomis needs to find his missing wife. Martha Pentecost is not the one who was lost; Loomis was the one who was lost, wondering around from town to town, searching. Loomis came into the state of belief when Bynum helped him translate his vision. That vision represented Loomis going back to his ancestral conjure religion. Loomis needed to find Martha Pentecost simply to say good-bye to her and their life former together. Up until this point of the story, I believed that Loomis needed to find his wife so they could live out the rest of their lives as a happy free family with their daughter. However, it is made pretty obvious this was never Loomisââ¬â¢s intentions. ââ¬Å"That goodbye kept me out on the road searching,â⬠Loomis says, ââ¬Å"now that I see your face I can say my goodbye and make my own worldâ⬠(90). Martha Pentecost, a woman of Christian faith, represents the African who assimilated into white Americaââ¬â¢s culture and Loomis needed to find her to say good-bye to her and the Christian faith. Martha stands by her Christian faith by accusing Loomis ââ¬Å"you done gone over to the devilâ⬠(91). White manââ¬â¢s religion believed that conjure was evil or the way of the devil. Loomis finds it easier to reject her for her Christian beliefs. ââ¬Å"Loomis: Great big old white manâ⬠¦your Mr. Jesus Christ. Standing there with a whip in one hand and a tote board in another, them niggers swimming in a sea of cottonâ⬠(92). Loomis proves with his statement, his version of a bible story that differed from other African Americans but was similar to that of the white man who believed that they were on a level below God and the Africanââ¬â¢s were beneath them, Africanââ¬â¢s were one third of a person. Loomis now believes that if Africanââ¬â¢s are going to be free then they have to take charge of their own destiny. Martha Pentecost represents the African Americanââ¬â¢s religion, she identifies that Loomis needs to ââ¬Å"be washed in the blood of the lambâ⬠(92) and ââ¬Å"you done gone over to the devil. (91) Through class lessons I learned that African American slaves compared themselves with stories in the bible to instill hope of a life free from oppression, violence, and bondage. Jesus according to the bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. The hope of reigning in heave with Jesus is considered the ultimate reward for suffering lifeââ¬â¢s trials and tribulations. It is the faith of the African Americans who accepted Christianity religion. Blacks trusted in the Lord instead of man. America was Egypt in the exodus story and as long as the enslaving and oppressing took place America would face the same wrath as Egypt. ââ¬Å"Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord. â⬠The bible was depended on in justifying and motivation rebellion for the blacks and used as a tool to keep blacks enslaved by the whites. African Americans used sermons, song, and prayer to convey and teach their message of travail and triumph of Israel. Some African Americans could not get past the treatment from the white people that called themselves Christians and as a result they rejected Christianity. Seligââ¬â¢s role suggests that the link between characters is the acquisition of material goods. Selig admits that his ancestors have always made their living pursuing African Americas; his great grandfather transported slaves from Africa, his father captured runaway slaves and returned them to their masters for a reward, and Selig locates displaced people for a fee. Selig attains his ecstasy through consumer capitalism, through the selling of material goods. African Americans are objects for exploitation and exchange in the new economy. He binds African Americans to the economic system, demanding payment of his services and products which necessitates subsistence labor by taking them from one construction site or work site to another, similar to a temporary employment agency today. You pay for an employee to work for some time, but Selig is getting paid by the person looking for work or a ride to a chance of freedom. Selig cannot find a person that has not purchased a dustpan from him because he keeps the names of his customers. Seth is determined to achieve material success, he has very little patience for African Americans migrating north looking for the same prosperity that he desires. Seth is very demanding of his patrons, insisting on advance payment in full, and is preoccupied with maintaining a respectable house. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s hard enough now without all that ignorant kind of acting. Ever since slavery got over with there ainââ¬â¢t been nothing but foolish-acting niggers. Word get out they need men to work in the mill and put in these roadsâ⬠¦ and niggers drop everything and head north looking for freedom. â⬠(5, 6) Seth wants to blend in with the white manââ¬â¢s world; therefore he keeps a link with Selig by negotiating the manufacturing and sale of dustpans. Seth does not have any idea of what it would be like to be a slave, as he was born free in the North and was educated. He demonstrates his education with his math calculation when dealing with the boarding house patrons and the quick notation of him letting Selig know that he is trying to overcharge him for the dust pan materials. Educational differences played a role in tension with Southern blacks, most of who were forbidden from learning to read, saw religion as a matter of oral tradition and immediate experience and emotion. Northerner blacks, stressed that one could not truly be Christian unless they was able to read the Bible and understand it. This play denies individual worth and identity for some of Wilsonââ¬â¢s characters. To be defrauded of the products of oneââ¬â¢s labor or to see that creation diminished, like with Jeremy and the guitar contest, is to be denied a reflection of individual worth and identity. If people have been separated from this truth of individual worth and identity through oppression their capacity to bond with one another, form friendships, or couples, families are undermined. Social alienation in Wilsonââ¬â¢s characters are expressed in their stores of broken relationships, uncertainty, or suspicion that they feel toward one another. ââ¬Å"Seth: Something ainââ¬â¢t setting right with that fellow, Bynum. Heââ¬â¢s one of them mean-looking niggers look like he done killed somebody gambling over a quarter. â⬠(20) Connection between oppression, alienation from self and inability to form bonds with others is displayed in the character of Loomis. Joe Turnerââ¬â¢s ability to oppress Loomis carried a judgment of non-worth. ââ¬Å"Loomis: He told me I was worthless. Worthless is something you throw away. Something you donââ¬â¢t bother withâ⬠(73) Turners judgment of worthlessness forced Loomis to accept the reality of the white manââ¬â¢s power; he was marked as ââ¬Å"one of Joe Turners niggers and forced to forget his song. â⬠(71) Being alienated from himself and displaced with his relation to the world, Loomis is unable to establish bonds with people around him. The oppression encountered by Wilsonââ¬â¢s characters is material or economic, that oppression is spiritual as well in the capacity to deprive the individual of a sense of himself or his unique song. The reawakening of Loomis after his encounter with cultural wisdom is not the self discovery of an average African American but creation of a new source of cultural wisdom, a new African holy man. Wilson uses many metaphors throughout the play. The song is a metaphor for Loomisââ¬â¢s identity and the African American cultural identity. Music is a large part of African American identity, so it makes since that in search of oneââ¬â¢s identity they are searching for their song. The boarding house serves as an inn for traveling folk, but the tenants actually receive a form of healing during their stay. Tenants get direction and guidance from Bertha and Bynum. The shiny man that Bynum is in search for signifies African American independence. The man that Bynum met on the road was an independent African American, just as Loomis was freed by his past when he cleansed himself in his own blood. ââ¬Å"Bynum: Herald Loomis, you shining! You shining like new money! â⬠(94) Loomis has dismissed that the blood of Christ can wash away his sins and make him the man he used to be, but by washing himself in his own blood he has sacrificed the old life to begin his new journey on his terms. Bynumââ¬â¢s shining man has been found, meaning his work is complete; he has passed his powers on to the next generation, Loomis. ââ¬Å"They tell me Joe Turnerââ¬â¢s come and Goneâ⬠is a song that is sung by Bynum, when I first read the story I thought that the meaning was came and now he is dead however, the second time I read the play I realized that it meant that Joe Turner has come and snatched the men and now he is now gone. August Wilson uses symbolism in the play as a very important part in conveying the meaning of the story. Wilsonââ¬â¢s use of symbolism is demonstrated through Mr. Wilsonââ¬â¢s use of the road, Martha Pentecost, and Herald Loomis. Symbolic importance is give to the word freedom. The word freedom has instilled hope into the lives of African Americans: during slavery, hope for the release from bondage; after emancipation, the right to be educated, employed, and to move about freely; twentieth century, social, political, and economic justice. Freedom has always stood for the absence of any restraint, because God made all men from his image. There are a number of characters that travel around searching for their place in the world. Mattie, mentions that she keeps on looking, seems like she just keeps starting over, I ainââ¬â¢t never found no place for me to fit. â⬠(76) Reuben tells Zonia, when he finds out that she is leaving the boarding house in search of her mom, ââ¬Å"when I get grown, I come looking for you. â⬠(84) Jeremy does not seem to care much when he loses his job because, ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t make me no difference. Thereââ¬â¢s a big road out there, I can always get my guitar and find me a place to stay. I ainââ¬â¢t planning on staying in one place for too long noway. â⬠(64) Martha & Reverend Tolliver moved the Church up north because of the trouble the church was having. When the Civil War finally brought freedom to previously enslaved African Americans, the task of organizing religious communities was only one element of the larger need to create new lives, to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the United States as citizens rather than property. August Wilsonââ¬â¢s play, Joe Turnerââ¬â¢s come and Gone, examines African Americans search for their cultural identity following slavery. Bibliography Murphy, L. G. (2000). Down By the Riverside. New York: New Yourk University Press. Wilson, A. (1988). Joe Turnerââ¬â¢ Come and Gone. New York: Penguin Group.
Social Inequality and Race
Running head: SOCIAL INEQUALITY & RACE Social Inequality and Race Markus Nehlsen ETH/125 Megan Burke April 21, 2012 Identified Group To choose an ethnic or racial group which I belong to can be easy for those who see my physical appearance but it can be difficult for me to decide. The racial group I have always claimed and identified with is White non-Hispanic or Caucasian. To determine my particular ethnic group is unclear because I was adopted; however, I was raised by a German mother and Caucasian father, so I can categorize myself in with German-American ethnic group.As I take look at the choices I can best associate with, I believe the best selection for me is White non-Hispanic or Caucasian racial group. Interactions It is difficult to pinpoint how races interact with each other. Historically in the past and present discrimination and prejudices have occurred against minority groups, like African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans. According to Eitzen (2000), the cri tical feature of the minority group's status is its inferior social position, in which its interests are not effectively represented in the political, economic, and social institutions of the society.In this viewpoint Whiteness is the normal or a natural condition. Eitzen (2000) further explains that this is a false picture of race. In reality, the racial order shapes the lives of all people, even Whites who are advantaged by the system. Just as social classes exist in relation to each other, races are defined, compared, and judged in relation to other races. Social Inequalities There are some people that will argue that social inequalities do exist because of race. Eitzen (2000) stated that the United States now faces serious new racial problems.These problems include the increasing isolation of minorities in central cities, growing minority unemployment, and other forms of economic dislocation. The American Prospect (2007) stated that poor African Americans were depicted as especi ally dysfunctional and undeserving of assistance, with an emphasis on violence, poor choices, and dependency. It further explains that the black underclass appears as a menace and a source of social disorganization in news accounts of black urban crime, gang violence, drug use, teenage pregnancy, riots, homelessness, and general aimlessness.For instance, minorities are over-represented in prison cells compared to white people. Not necessarily in numbers, but proportionally. This is argued, that it's because the White race is more protected, they can afford better lawyers, receive preferential treatment by judges, and that that the minority groups are often targeted in drug busts and gang membership arrests more often than Whites. Schaefer (2012) points out that inner-city drive-by shootings have come to be seen as a race-specific problem worthy of local officials cleaning up troubled neighborhoods.Yet, schoolyard shootouts are viewed as a societal concern and placed on the national agenda Racial Prejudice Causes According to Schaefer (2012), racial prejudice is often used to justify keeping a group in a subordinate economic position. Conflict theorists, in particular, stress the role of racial and ethnic hostility as a way for the dominant group to keep its position of status and power intact. Competition is a huge factor in the causes of racial prejudices.Letââ¬â¢s say that one Black nurse and one White nurse are competing for a supervisor position, this competition could lead to racial hostility if one perceives the other being hired before them because of race. It could be that more education gives a broader outlook and makes a person less likely to endorse myths that sustain racial prejudice. If people are in competition, as already noted, contact may heighten tension.However, bringing people together to share a common task has been shown to reduce ill feelings when these people belong to different racial, ethnic, or religious groups. The key factor in reducing hostility, in addition to equal-status contact, is the presence of a common goal. (Schaefer, 2012) Conclusion According to Marti (n. d. ) the majority of White Americans will overlook the distinctive experiences of other racial and ethnic groups because they tend to believe discrimination is no longer an issue.They feel that America is a firmly established meritocracy because prominent African Americans are successful in sports and entertainment and because the outright denial of access to jobs, housing, and public accommodations is now illegal. Race is a social construction, and this process benefits the oppressor, who defines who is privileged and who is not. The acceptance of race in society as a genuine category allows the racial pecking order to emerge to the advantage of the dominant races. (Schaefer, 2012)References The American Prospect. (2007) Inequality, Race, and Remedy. Retrieved from http://prospect. org/article/inequality-race-and-remedy Eitzen, D. Stanley (20 00) Social Problems (8th Ed. ). : Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Retrieved from http://dmc122011. delmar. edu/socsci/rlong/problems/chap-08. htm Gerald Marti. (n. d. ) Racial and Ethnic Dynamics among Contemporary Young Adults. Retrieved from http://www. changingsea. net/essays/Marti. pdf Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ). : Prentice-Hall.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
PRINCESS DIANA LESSON LEARNED Personal Statement
PRINCESS DIANA LESSON LEARNED - Personal Statement Example Thus, she considered human lives to be precious and she used her resources to help the needy individuals. This quality made her win the hearts of millions of people. Another very important leadership quality that was also held by the Princess was that of being alert and informed of the happenings around the world. She not only kept herself updated but also intervened and helped in situations where she could be of assistance. This positive attitude along with her active involvement made her a much liked personality. These lessons regarding the leadership of Princess Diana are of utmost importance. She formed a prime example of an effective leader because of her kind heartedness and compassion towards the people. Also her attentiveness towards the occurrences globally made her take active decisions for helping the people which made her popular amongst the masses. A leader can only be successful if he is aware and responsive to the issues faced by the common people. Also, a true leader is one who uses his power and authority for the goodness of the people. These qualities were possessed by the Princess and this earned her the love and following of many people from around the
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Persuasive Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3
Persuasive Speech - Essay Example Most significantly, over speeding victims always have something to explain and justify their character. On may say that he has an urgent issue, he did want to settle it out. Another on may quote that he was just experimenting on the far speed extent of his car. All these are excuses, and the drivers should just take responsibility. Over speeding has been the foundation of most accidents in United States of America. This is despite the having different areas in the roadside where the road sign are well labelled and indicative of the speed limits. The drivers are ignorant of these signs. Despite having received intensive training and education while driving lessons. Drivers are always adamant to observe such road signs. First, over speeding has led to many deaths after crashes. The impact caused by an over speeding vehicles is high, and it may cause damage to body organs. Trauma is inevitable in all circumstances. Research has indicated that most road accidents survivors do suffer from long-term disability secondary to organs system failure. Death often ensues. Secondly, the affected families do suffer from psychological trauma. They need counselling to recover from the fateful events. Others have immense burden to care for the families left after the loss of the loved ones. The government is also losing great resourceful people through accidents emanating from overspending. A lot of resources are consumed in taking care of the disabled and the hospital bills for all the victims of accidents resulting from over speeding. It is clear that over speeding is just a burden not only to the country but also to the affected families as a whole. All this happens when the driver just decides to have a moment of pleasure for a few seconds via over speeding, consequently threatening his life and that of others (Clarke et al., pg. 877). Safe driving should be the goal of every driver. Over speeding
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